Wednesday, June 04, 2008

A Cow by Any Other Name...

Well, we've finally settled on a name for our cow: Bella. I had been thinking of Lilly, but she really isn't a Lilly. I needed to live with her for a while, get to know her and her personality a bit more before I could put a name to her. Lavish just didn't cut it.

While brushing her I'd find myself murmuring how beautiful she is, so Bella just seems fitting. Plus, I can now sing her one of my favorite Ella Fitzgerald songs, a live rendition in Berlin of Mack the Knife where she improvised the lyrics: "Now Ella Bella and her fellas are makin' a wreck of Mack the Knife..." That song has a wonderful history of improvisation, as it became an overnight sensation and even Louis Armstrong, who recorded it in 1956, and his band ended up feeding nickels to a jukebox to relearn it while on tour in Europe.

But I digress....

Folks have asked how the milking is going and what our routine looks like, and now that we've had Bella for a week and a half, I feel like we've actually developed some kind of routine to talk about. Warning: lots of boring details ahead!

I've set up our mudroom as a milking room of sorts. This is where the utility sink is, which makes washing and storing the machine pretty convenient. I'd love to replace the plastic sink with a stainless one, but it'll send Jim into a tizzy to even mention it, so pretend I said nothing.

I use a DeLaval milker (sorry Tim, not sure which model but it's definitely an older one), and I'm pretty pleased with it so far, though it definitely takes some getting used to. Figuring out how to attach the inflations (the thing that attaches to the teat) while holding the whole claw up (the thing that joins all 4 inflations) was a rather steep learning curve. I have plugs, which helps tremendously—I can't imagine trying to pinch off each one manually.

I milk in the barn twice a day, between about 7:45 and 8:15 am/ pm. She was on a 7:30/ 7:30 schedule, and this seemed quite sane to me, so we worked it a bit into our schedule with CSA pick-ups and such. I still have time to wake up a bit, have a relaxing cup of coffee and check my email before heading out to the barn.

This is my basic set up here to the right: a clean towel to lay stuff on, her brushes, a dip cup, and a five gallon bucket. Missing from the photo are also my small milking pail, which I use as a strip cup, and a container with the udder wash and cloths. When I head out to the barn, I fill up the five gallon bucket with about 4 gallons of water and 1/4 cup of Clorox bleach. I use the pump to run this through the milk machine to sanitize it before milking, then I pour the mixture back into the bucket for use after milking. I insert the plugs into the inflations and get Bella's feed and hay ready before going out to fetch her from the pasture. She stays much cleaner out there! I'm thinking that morning milk in the winter may go to the animals.

This is a photo from the second day we had her, so she's a whole lot cleaner now on a regular basis, but this gives you some idea of what I'm talking about. We have her tethered on both sides with a feed bucket in front of her, and she's looking out the dutch door of the barn. We bring her in through her stall, which is on the other side of the wall to her right side, and then walk her out through the door in front of her so she never has to turn around.

After cleaning her teats and udder, I take the first few squirts of milk from each teat by hand to check for signs of mastitis and to clean the orifice—those first squirts have the highest bacteria count. I then turn on the pump and attach each inflation one by one. I've found the best way for me is to extend my legs under Bella to support the claw as I attach. My hands just aren't large enough to keep it up off the ground otherwise.

Once she's done milking out, I massage each quarter gently to get the last of the cream. Milking out thoroughly is really important to help prevent mastitis, something you definitely don't want to deal with. I have a California Mastitis Test kit on hand in case I need it, which is a good investment for anyone with dairy animals. I then turn off the pump and remove the inflations, strip her by hand just to be sure, and dip her teats to help prevent infection. At this point, she's done her grain/ alfalfa mix, and I brush her a bit just to keep her standing while her teat orifices close before turning her back out onto pasture. I get just under 2 gallons at each milking.

The milk bucket then heads back into the house with me where I decant it into two sterilized one gallon glass jars. The jars go into plastic storage containers that I fill with ice water and set into the fridge for rapid chilling.

The system that I've developed is that the freshest milk is in the front, and the previous milking is behind. That gives each jar a full 24 hours for the cream to separate. I did some refrigerator rearranging to accommodate all the jars of milk and cream. Crazy huh?

After pouring off the milk, I take the milker back out to the barn where I can use the pump to cycle through that 4 gallons of bleach water again to clean the machine, dumping it back into the 5 gallon bucket when I'm done. Then I bring the milker back in to the utility sink where I wash it out with hot soapy water inside and out and set it dry before the next cycle begins. I let the bleach dissipate from the 5 gallon bucket before pouring it out and giving it a quick cleaning. Once every 2 weeks or so, I'll probably run a dairy acid wash through the machine to prevent milk stone build up.

Back to the kitchen.... Once the jars have sat for 24 hours, I skim the cream into a quart mason jars and date the lid. We've been using the cream for making fresh ice cream and butter as well as a neufchatel cream cheese, which is pressing out now and should be ready for bagels this morning if all went well.

Once the milk is skimmed, I pour some of it off into 1/2 gallon milk jars for drinking and date the bottle cap. We're not huge milk drinkers—in fact I don't drink milk at all—so we go through a 1/2 gallon in just over a day. The kids and Jim are now drinking amazing raw milk that's no more than 2 days old. It just doesn't get any better than that! Even skimmed, the milk has a cream line similar to that from a commercial dairy. Unskimmed, the Jersey milk is so high in butterfat that the cream line goes half way down the milk jug! Plus, my kiddos don't much like getting the big chunks of heavy cream in the cereal, so skimming works out great, and unless something happens during the milking routine to compromise the milk, I skim all the milk that goes out to the animals as well, getting all the tasty cream for us. I get about a quart of cream for each 2 gallons of milk.

We purchased a Donvier ice cream maker after much research on my part. It's received excellent reviews, unlike the old fashioned wooden bucket makers, and though it doesn't make as much ice cream, we figure that's probably a good thing in the long run because it's so darned good that we'd eat more of it if there were more! It makes a quart of soft ice cream in about 20 minutes with very little cranking and no ice/ salt mess to deal with. It's really simple and convenient. Just store the cylinder in the freezer overnight and it's ready to go.

I've also been making butter with the cream in my stand mixer, not quite as fabulous as the ice cream, but pretty darn tasty. I've put up about 3.5 lbs in the freezer now as we use up the last of our store-bought butter.

I'd guess that the butter also takes about 20 minutes to make with the mixer set on medium speed. I use the splash guard and drape a lightweight dish towel over it to catch the splashes. Once it separates, I pour off the buttermilk to use for cooking or cheesemaking and thoroughly rinse the butter in cool water before packing into sour cream tubs for freezing. Each tub holds just over a pound of butter. Yesterday I made about 2.5 lbs of butter while I was making pancakes and waffles for the kids—pretty easy.

The trick has just been to find ways to integrate all these new steps into the existing rhythm of my day, figuring out how best to make things work for our set up. We're going to be milking a goat as well in the next 3 weeks or so, which should add another interesting twist. Jules is determined to do it herself at this point in time. We'll see how long that determination holds out. The nice thing with that, though, is that we'll have the kid(s), so I can always let them do the job if it gets to be too much for us.

The big thing now is determining whether Bella is, indeed, pregnant again. She was AI-ed when we went to look at her, and the dairy kept her through another heat cycle for me upon my request. Good thing, too, because she came back into heat. The gal AI-ed her again, twice, 12 hours apart, and the vet check showed no signs of cysts that might prevent pregnancy. So, I'm hopeful but still anxious.

Sunday, June 01, 2008

Independence Days Week 5

Wow! It's already week five of the Independence Days challenge, and it's been both motivating and satisfying to look back on what we've managed to accomplish.

Plant:

I transplanted about 300 tomato plants and around 150 pepper plants. For those who don't know, we have a small CSA, which accounts for the crazy numbers. Though I admit to being nearly incapable of killing anything green. Deliberately anyway, though I sure did my best with these guys. We have a hodge-podge of plants in the market garden that only time will tell what they are. I tried to plant them based on similarity, so we may have some semblance of organization down there.

Harvest:

Harvested variety of lettuces, kale, chard, radishes, strawberries, green onions, snap peas, thyme, cilantro, sorrel, chives, milk and eggs.

Preserve:

Picked 6 quarts of strawberries and made jam out of 4 quarts to yield 16 half pints. Froze 2 quarts for use in smoothies and ice cream.

Skimmed 9 quarts of cream! This will go towards making butter and ice cream. Yummmmmm!


Store:

Put up 3 bottles of "cheap ass" vodka, according to Jim, for use in making tinctures; 3 bottles lamp oil; matches; organic lemon juice; 50# hard red winter wheat berries; 25# arborio rice; 25# brown basmati rice; 50# organic sugar; vanilla; Em's favorite graham sticks.

Prep:

Picked up 25 buckeye chicks to round out our breeding program. Purchased a book called Spinning in the Old Way, which talks about spinning obviously, but also about wool prep. Jim picked up 10 cattle panels.

Manage:

Weeded in the market garden, laid tarp to keep down weeds in the staging area, covered spinach with shade cloth, continued to slug-hunt, pulled out soaker hoses.

Cook:

I made ricotta cheese for the first time this week, and it was pretty tasty, though the curds were quite firm—almost mozzerella like. The first batch didn't come out at all, but the piggies and the chickens didn't mind one little bit; they thought it was just marvelous.

We also made our first ice cream, and boy was it just amazing! We made vanilla for everyone to fix up the way they like. Jules and Em had chocolate syrup, Jim and I had sugared strawberry topping I quickly whipped up from our garden, Sam had both! Em kept saying, "It's like heaven in cream form!"

Add:

CSA delivery to three local families. Natural foods co-op, volunteered for unloading and check in.

Reduce:

Used my chico bags again while shopping. I love having them right in my purse for those times I forget to grab my canvas market bags.

Learn:

Learning all about cheese making.

Saturday, May 31, 2008

One Local Summer: Week 1

This is the first week of the One Local Summer Challenge, hosted by Nicole at Farm to Philly this year. I had wanted to participate last year, but chose not to because of our zero mile focus rather than just 100 mile radius. I had loads of fun with the Dark Days of Winter challenge though, so when the OLS challenge popped back up again this year, I jumped at it.

Dark Days helped me realize how much we still rely on ingredients outside the farm for cooking. A reality check to my zero mile smugness. So, for this season too I'll be shooting for zero mile meals, though I'll be excluding grains again because I cannot source them locally. I planted my own quinoa this year though, along with oats and, soon, amaranth, so that stipulation may change come the dark days of this year.

This week we had a nearly zero mile meal: pasta salad with lettuce, radishes and green onions from our garden, topped with a balsamic vinaigrette, grilled baby pork tenderloin from one of our piglets, and homemade ciabatta bread. I'm working on making more of our pasta from scratch as well as trying my hand at cheese making now that we have our cow. I'll be confined to soft cheeses for a while until I get my cheese press, but I have a lot of basic learning to do before delving into artisinal cheeses.

Friday, May 30, 2008

What's the sound a cow makes?



That's not the sound a cow makes!





Now, that's the sound a cow makes.

Tuesday, May 27, 2008

Independence Days Week 4

This has been a slow week between allergies, out of town guests and rain. I didn't get nearly as much done as I would have liked. Oh, and getting the cow this weekend kinda blew lots of other projects as well, especially since Jim spent yesterday morning restretching a fence he hadn't planned on doing. But it's all good and everything will get done in its own time.

Plant:
Helped Julia plant her garden. Jim planted pumpkin patch.

Harvest:
Harvested romaine, cilantro, radishes, spinach, thyme, chives, sorrel, green onions, red salad bowl lettuce, strawberries, endive, beet leaves, chard, black seeded simpson lettuce, tarragon.

Also harvested another piglet and milk. I figure those things count, too.

Preserve:
I really slacked on this front. We didn't preserve anything really, nor did I clean stuff out of the freezer. But I have been getting stuff together to preserve some of the milk we're getting.

Store:
Added 14# peanut butter and 4 gallons white vinegar to the larder.

Prep:
Got a milk cow on Saturday, who will feed not only my family but also our pigs and chickens, so she's a huge help around the farm. Figuring out how to work with her and integrate her into our homestead has been paramount this week and will probably continue to be for a while.

We also picked up 20 Narragansett turkey poults since our hens did not set successfully. *sigh* Hopefully next year. And ordered 25 buck-eye chicks to round out our breeding program.

Manage:
Organized and cleaned out larder since Jim got my new shelves in last week. Also took inventory.

Installed second honeybee nuc on Sunday and inspected hives on Saturday. Both look good and seem to be drawing out the small cell foundation nicely, which will hopefully aid in organic control of varroa mites. Pulled the IPM board for mite monitoring to try to get a baseline for both hives, but I'm not good enough yet at recognizing mites—need to work on that. Observed a definite head start in the first hive, as they already had honey stores going. I saw pollen in both hives and found both queens, who had both moved off the original nuc frames and onto new foundation, which is hopefully another good sign.

Unfortunately, the eggs in the incubator did not develop. Not sure whether they were infertile to begin with (note to self: candle before incubating) or if the temps were too low on the outer edges.

Jim tilled between potatoes and hilled them.

Cook:
I didn't cook anything new this week, but Jim made some lovely Caesar salads. Mmmmm. Not new, but first of the season.

Add:
CSA delivery to three families: mixed baby greens, black seeded simpson lettuce, red salad bowl lettuce, swiss chard, cilantro, thyme, tarragon, sorrel, chives, strawberries.

Reduce:
Reduced packaging and travel of dairy products by getting our own cow. Reduced the amount of feed I'll need to buy for other animals.

Learn:
Well, I learned all about milking machines and routines this weekend, trying to figure out how best to make our situation work. Spent time figuring out how best to store and preserve the milk. This whole cow thing is going to be a pretty big learning curve, no doubt, but I feel like it's going relatively smoothly. The machine, while frustrating in its own right, is far less frustrating than trying to train her to hand-milking since she stands still for the machine.

Monday, May 19, 2008

The Larder

At a very basic level, food storage translates into independence, but being able to ride out emergencies, shortages, and disasters is an important skill that many in our culture have lost. Most of us have come to expect the immediate and constant availability of aisles and aisles of groceries, convenient serving sizes, and loads of flashy packaging. Except in small pockets of our culture, the well-stocked larder is a thing of the past because, after all, one unspoken promise of the American Dream is the luxury of a well-stocked grocery open 24 hours a day, or at the very least a local quickie convenience store: "we want our Little Debbie snack cakes and we want them now!" (Though perhaps we shouldn't be too quick to denigrate the shelf life of twinkies, which may in fact survive both nuclear holocaust and the apocalypse. I can see the sci-fi feature now: Twinkie vs. Roach: the End of Days.)

This doesn't even delve into weather extremes, market whims or predatory speculators or even political unrest. Whether folks believe there will be outright shortages reaching into the complacent coziness of the American kitchen, the signs of rising prices and wildly fluxuating availability are quite clear around the world. And the emphasis on throwing energy and resources at biofuels means that the relative insulation Americans have enjoyed is likely over. Climbing food prices are making headlines from NPR to the Washington Post to the Boston Globe all the way to the Wall Street Journal, where pundits are talking about food storage as a better investment than banks these days. Americans are no longer as untouchable as we've been lead to believe.

So all this leads to the questions of what food storage might look like and how we can take responsibility for insulating ourselves, our families, and our community. There's loads of information out there about food storage and emergency preparedness from a range of perspectives, and I encourage folks to read through several of the sites for ideas. Different approaches will resonate for different people, but the insurance of a well-stocked larder is worth the investment. Do it right, and there's nothing to lose because it will all get eaten, and as the Wall Street fella points out, buying now will make your rapidly deflating dollar stretch its food value.

Here are some sites to get you started:

Our larder before and after organizing this weekend:













I've been working on trying to fill our larder for the past year, basically. It's been a long time coming together, but it's finally taking shape. We're to the point where we have back up stores of most everything we use on a regular basis, much of which is store bought obviously, but there's home made there as well. There are 3 Virginia-style hams hanging that aren't visible from this angle, and there are several jars of jam, salsa, and chutney still on the shelves. There are also several wire baskets just waiting to be filled with onions and squash, among other goodies.

My plan is to learn to pressure can this year and fill up even more of the shelves with home-canned food, particularly my tomato sauce, paste, and stewed tomatoes, which I admit that I've been freezing because it's easier and less intimidating. I have a pressure canner on semi-permanent loan from a neighbor, though I'd like to pick up my own in the next year or so. I've been doing some research only to find out that I can't pressure can on my glass-top stove, so I'll be purchasing a propane burner that will enable me to do much of it outside. That should be welcome come August!

What the picture doesn't show are the numerous bags sitting down in the potato bin under the shelves. I'm still searching for some good air tight containers for storing my grains and flours. Those will likely go along the open wall to the left of the photo. Ikea has some nice scoopable bins, but they're neither food grade nor air tight, so I'm still looking. Someone online mentioned Panera Bread as a good source for 3 gallon pickle buckets, so I may try giving them a call this week, though I'd rather something larger that didn't smell like pickles.

Obviously, not all that you see in the photo is necessary food storage. Much of it just comes through bulk purchasing the kids' favorites from our local buying co-op, like the Fruity Munch cereal and Annie's cheddar bunnies, for instance. Also, you'll see plenty of white stuff alongside the whole grains because that's what my family prefers. I've tried and tried to get them to switch to whole wheat pasta and bread, to no avail, so I do what I can. What it comes down to, though, is that I store what we eat rather than what I wish we'd eat, and even this kind of stuff is important for keeping up morale and appetite during emergency situations, especially for kids.

Behind the wire baskets are several gallon juice containers that I've been saving, which hold potable water for emergencies. Recommendations run about a gallon per person per day, so it's not much water storage, but it'll get us through a pinch. We also have a pretty good water purifier in our camping gear that offers some back up. We have an electric well pump, so our water supply is sadly dependent on electricity, a problem of which we are keenly aware and working to remedy.

There are, of course, loads of other foods available in our yard and in our freezer that aren't accounted for in the following inventory. I think of it kind of like a checks and balances integrated system with the larder, the freezer, the gardens, and the pastures each working to support the other so that we will always have food and options. Of course there are no guarantees in life, but the more diverse and local the food systems, the more flexibility and possibility are built in, and being able to roll with what's available is part of being prepared.

What's below is by no means an exhaustive list; it's just an inventory of what we have now, giving me insight into where we still need to go and attesting to how far we've come. I'll also admit to being a bit of a history geek, so I'm always mindful of how useful such lists can be for those who seek to learn about our culture and times down the road. Hopefully, too, this list may offer some useful information for folks out there just beginning to think about how their food storage might take shape. Sometimes seeing someone else's details helps us figure out our own. I'd love to hear about others' ideas and systems, so please feel free to leave those in the comments section.

On a practical note, this room is our well-pump room; it's below ground and keeps a fairly constant cool temperature. We're considering further insulating the inside wall this winter against the heat from our wood stove. This room, however, isn't ideal for storing some vegetables, so we'll continue to investigate root cellar possibilities, but the more I learn to grow during the winter, the more I'm convinced that fresh is the way to go whenever possible. The winter garden will never do away with food storage, nor should it, but more of my energy will go towards fresh eating year round and storing produce practically—prepping only the stuff we'll eat and not just because I can. Those green beans never seem to taste very good, to be honest, and I'd rather just eat my fill while they're fresh and bid them a fond farewell until next year.

Larder Inventory:
3 hams

50# wheat berries--hard red spring
20# all purpose flour
50# bread flour
35# whole wheat pastry flour
10# whole wheat flour (in freezer)
50# yellow popcorn
~10# white popcorn
~5# quinoa
25# realsalt
~35# non-iodized curing salt
25# black beans
~20# white jasmine rice
20# rolled oats
~45# yellow grits
~20# dried pasta

35# peanut oil
12 jars coconut oil
2.5 liters olive oil

1# roasted coffee beans
20# chocolate chips
48# baking soda
12# epsom salts
3qts hydrogen peroxide
3qts isopropyl alcohol
4qts apple cider vinegar

22 12oz cans evaporated milk
3 pints green tomato chutney
13 pints pickled green tomatoes
12 pints green tomato salsa
11 half pints strawberry jam
6 half pints grape jam
4 half pints black raspberry jam
8 15oz cans peaches
5 8oz jars chicken bouillon
5 8oz jars beef bouillon
3 27oz cans green chili
2 16oz jars salsa
1 16oz jar green chili
9 4oz cans green chili

1 bulk toilet paper
various and sundry cereals and snacks
~6 gallons Clorox bleach
2 gallons distilled white vinegar

On order:

50# wheat berries--hard winter red
25# arborio rice
25# brown basmati rice